- Algae
- Algae are simple plants that lack leaves, roots, flowers and seeds. All algae are photosynthetic and most species are aquatic. Most algae are unicellular however multicellular algae do exist. Algae are found in virtually all natural water supplies.
- Bacteria
- Bacteria are single celled microorganisms that are typcially a few micrometres in length. They are found in every habitat on earth. The vast majority of bacteria are beneficial but a few are capable of causing infection and disease in humans and other plants and animals. Bacteria that are commonly found in drinking water are coliform and occasionally e.coli
- Crossfire Technology
- Refers to the trademarked name and patented technology used in UV Pure ultraviolet light water filters. This system uses two lamps in air to irradiate water passing through a quartz pipe.
- Cysts
- Refers to waterborne protozoan pathogens that are common in many surface water sources. The most common cysts are cryptosporidium and giardia. These organisms usually exist in the environmet in a suspended state called an oocyst. Cysts can cause serious gastro-intestinal infections and can even cause death - especially in immune comprimised people.
- Grains Per Gallon
- This is a measure of the concentration of hardness causing substances in a gallon of water. It is in fact a measure of weight. One grain is equal to 1/7000th of a pound. Grains per gallon are often abbreviated to GPG. One grain per gallon of hardness is equivalent to 17.1 parts per million (ppm).
- Hard Water
- Defined as water containing 1 grain per gallon or more of hardness as per the following chart: 0 - 1 grains = soft water 1 - 3.5 grains = slightly hard water 3.5 - 7 grains = moderately hard water 7 - 10.5 grains = hard water 10.5 and greater = very hard water
- Hardness
- Defined as the quantity of calcium and magnesium-containing compounds dissolved in water. It is typically expressed as grains per gallon (gpg). It may also be expressed as parts per million (ppm).
- Inactivate
- This term is often used to describe ultraviolet light water disinfection systems. UV disinfection does not "kill" microorganisms - it simply renders them unable to reproduce. This is referred to an "inactivated". A microorganism that is unable to reproduce is not able to cause disease.
- Microwatt Seconds per cm2
- This is a measure of the energy absorbed by an organism as it passes through the chamber of an ultraviolet light water disinfection system.
- Millijoule
- A millijoule is one one-thousandth of a joule. A joule is a unit of energy.
- Mold
- Molds are multicellular fungi. Molds typically derive energy by invading and breaking down other organic energy sources. Most molds reproduce through spores which can cause illergic reaction in some people. Some molds are capable of causing infection and death in immunocomprimised individuals.
- NSF
- National Sanitation Foundation. A not for profit organization based out of Ann Arbor Michigan that writes safety standards and certifies products that meet those standards.
- NSF Certified
- A product that has been tested against one or more NSF safety standards and has passed. There are numerous standards against which a product may be tested.
- NSF Standard
- Is a testing protocol developed by NSF. A product that has been submitted to NSF for testing will be evaluated based on this protocol. As it pertains to water, most NSF standards test the ability of a product to remove something dangerous from the water. Here are some examples of NSF Standards: NSF/ANSI Standard 58 - tests the ability of reverse osmosis systems to remove contaminants from water NSF/ANSI Standard 55 - tests the ability of ultraviolet light water systems to protect drinking water from bacteria, viruses, and cysts NSF/ANSI Standard 62 - tests the ability of water distillers to remove many harmful chemicals including arsenic and mercury NSF/ANSI Standard 44 - tests the ability of a water softener to remove hardness
- Parts per Billion
- This is a measure of the concentration of a substance dissolved in another substance. Typically it is used to describe the concentration of a pollutant in water. One part per billion, often abbreviated ppb, is one unit of a substance dissolved in one billion units of another substance. Ppb is equivalent to µg/l.
- Parts per Million
- This is a measure of the concentration of a substance dissolved in another substance. Typically it is used to describe the concentration of a pollutant in water. One part per million, often abbreviated ppm, is one unit of a substance dissolved in one million units of another substance. ppm is equivalent to mg/l.
- Protozoa
- Protozoa, sometimes called Protists, are a group of single celled animals. Protozoa are found in virtually all aquatic environments and in most types of soil. Some aquatic Protozoa such as Cryptosporidium and Giardi are capable of causing diseases in humans.
- Quartz
- Is one form of one of the common minerals on earth - silicon dioxide. It is the chief constituent of sand. Most forms have a crystalline structure and some forms allow the transmission of light.
- Quartz Sleeve
- A typical component of an ultraviolet light water filter that is used to insulate the UV lamp from the water being treated. Quartz is chosen because if it's ability to transmit the germicidal wavelengths of UV - namely the 254nm wavelength.
- Solenoid Valve
- A solenoid valve is an automatic on/off valve that is often plumbed in line with water purification devices. In the event of a power failure or water filter failure the solenoid valve with close preventing untreated water from entering the distribution system.
- Styrene-Acrylonitrile
- This is a type of clear plastic that is often used to make see-through filter housings. It has excellent chemical resistance properties making it useful for a broad range of residential, commercial, and industrial applications.
- Three Log Inactivation
- This term is used to describe the disinfection of water. It refers to the logarithmic reduction of bacteria or other microorganisms using a water filtration device. Single log reduction translates to a 90% removal. Two log (2-log) reduction equates to 99% removal, three log (3-log) to a 99.9% removal, and four log (4-log) to a 99.99% removal. When discussing the reduction of bacteria from a water source a three or four log reduction is desired.
- Ultraviolet Dose
- Ultraviolet (UV) Dose is simply the amount of UV light an organism is exposed to as it travels through an ultraviolet light water purification device.
- Ultraviolet Light
- Is the range of the electromagnetic spectrum between x-rays and visible light. Ultraviolet (UV) light is broken down further into UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C. UV-C, specifically the 254nm wavelength has germicidal properties and for that reason is used in ultraviolet light water purification systems to kill bacteria and other microorganisms.
- Ultraviolet Light Water System
- Is a water purification device that is used to protect drinking water supplies from bacteria, viruses and cysts such as cryptosporidium and giardia. UV light water systems typically consist of a UV lamp, quartz sleeve, steel chamber, and a power supply or ballast to power the lamp.
- Ultraviolet Sensor
- A UV Sensor is a specialized photo diode that allows electricity to pass through a circuit in proportion to the amount of UV light it recieves. In water purification devices they are used to measure the amount of 254nm UV light that is being delivered to the treated water.
- Virus
- A virus is a sub-microscopic particle that can infect cells in most living cells. In order for a virus to replicate itself, it must use the DNA or RNA machinery of the infected (host) cell. Viruses, some of which can be waterborne, are capable of causing serious and deadly diseases in humans.
- Yeast
- Yeasts are single celled fungi. They are well known due to the imortance they play in breadmaking and brewing.
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